| Osteopathy is a theory of disease and
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| | Still named his new school of medicine
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| method of cure founded on the assumption
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| | "osteopathy", reasoning that "the bone,
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| that deformation of some part of the
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| | osteon, was the starting point from which
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| skeleton and consequent interference with
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| | [he] was to ascertain the cause of
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| the adjacent nerves and blood-vessels are
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| | pathological conditions." The object of
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| the cause of most diseases. (Oxford
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| | osteopathy was to "improve upon the
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| English Dictionary). Practitioners of
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| | present systems of surgery, midwifery,
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| osteopathy, called osteopaths (or
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| | and the treatment of general diseases."
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| osteopathic physicians in the US), have a
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| | Its scientific foundation was the
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| holistic approach; osteopathic philosophy
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| | discipline of anatomy. Its philosophy was
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| requires addressing the whole person in
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| | based on the understanding of the
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| diagnosis, prevention and treatment of
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| | integration between body, mind and
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| illness, disease and injury, using manual
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| | spirit, the interrelatedness of structure
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| and physical therapies (Osteopathic
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| | and function, and the ability of the body
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| Manipulative Medicine, or OMM). Graduates
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| | to heal itself when mechanically sound.
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| of osteopathic medical schools are
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| | Osteopathic treatment must be a rational
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| conferred a doctorate of osteopathy
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| | application of these principles in
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| abbreviated as D.O.
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| | comprehensive patient care with a focus
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| With its origins in the late 1800's,
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| | on the neuromusculoskeletal system as an
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| osteopathy was initially a variant of the
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| | integral part of health and disease
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| contemporary Western medical approach,
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| | processes. Over time he and his students
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| and became integrated with mainstream
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| | and faculty developed a complete medical
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| medicine in 1969. Outside the United
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| | school curriculum which included a series
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| States, osteopathy is considered a
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| | of specialized physical treatments, now
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| complementary or alternative therapy, and
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| | called Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment
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| is limited largely to musculoskeletal
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| | (OMT). Still founded the American School
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| conditions and treatment of some other
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| | of Osteopathy (now the Andrew Taylor
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| conditions using OMM.
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| | Still University, Kirksville College of
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| Osteopathic began in 1874 in the US. In
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| | Osteopathic Medicine) in Kirksville,
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| the twentieth century, the American
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| | Missouri, for the teaching of osteopathy
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| osteopathic profession adopted the use of
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| | on May 10, 1892. Kirksville was one of
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| medicine. The osteopathic profession has
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| | few places where he was not figuratively
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| evolved differently outside the USA,
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| | "chased out of town" by other doctors.
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| where it has remained essentially a drug
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| | While the state of Missouri was willing
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| free system based on manipulative
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| | to grant him a charter for awarding the
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| techniques. Osteopaths outside the USA
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| | M.D. degree, he remained unhappy with the
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| have a scope of practice similar to
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| | practices of his peers and chose instead
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| chiropractors. Chiropractic is a distinct
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| | to grant his own D.O. degree.
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| manipulative medical profession that
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| | In the late 1800s Still taught that
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| originated at around the same time in the
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| | "dis-ease" was caused when bones were out
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| USA. It is claimed that the founders of
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| | of place and disrupted the flow of blood
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| these two traditions never met.
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| | or the flow of nervous impulses; he
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| Osteopathy was founded by Andrew Taylor
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| | therefore concluded that one could cure
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| Still, M.D., D.O., who was born in 1828
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| | diseases by manipulating bones to restore
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| in Virginia. Still was a freestate leader
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| | the interrupted flow. Still stimulated
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| who lived near Baldwin City, Kansas at
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| | his students to investigate these
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| the time of the civil war, and it was
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| | postulates. Research began in the 1890s
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| here where he developed the practice of
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| | at Kirksville and has continued there and
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| osteopathy.[4] Still was trained by
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| | at other osteopathic institutions ever
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| apprenticeship and was employed as an
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| | since. The A.T. Still Research Institute
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| army doctor during the American Civil War
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| | was founded in 1913 and Louisa Burns, DO
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| in the U.S. Army. The horrors of
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| | and others developed a rigorous series of
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| battlefield injury and the subsequent
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| | scientific investigations of the
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| death of his wife and several children
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| | relationships between musculoskeletal
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| from infectious diseases left him totally
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| | dysfunctions and health and disease.
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| disillusioned with the traditional
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| | Still's critics point out that he never
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| practice of medicine. Still perceived the
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| | personally ran any controlled experiments
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| medical practices of his day to be
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| | to test his hypothesis; his supporters
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| ineffective, even barbaric. Troubled by
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| | point out that many of Still's writings
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| what he saw as problems in the medical
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| | are philosophical rather than scientific
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| profession, Still founded osteopathic
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| | in nature -- a point critics would likely
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| practice. Using an alternative
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| | not contest. He questioned the drug
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| philosophical approach, he opposed the
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| | practices of his day and regarded surgery
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| use of drugs and surgery as remedial
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| | as a last resort. As medical science
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| agents, reserving their use for such
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| | developed, osteopathy gradually
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| cases as being the cure for the
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| | incorporated all its proven theories and
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| condition, such as an antidote for a
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| | practices. Internationally, all
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| poison or amputation for gangrene. He saw
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| | osteopathic training currently
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| the human body as being capable of curing
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| | incorporates at least the basic
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| itself, and the duty of the physician to
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| | biomedical sciences and differential
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| remove any impediments to the healthy
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| | diagnosis, while emphasising
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| function of each person. He promoted
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| | non-surgical, non-pharmaceutical care of
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| healthy lifestyle, nutrition, abstinence
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| | the musculoskeletal system and its
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| from alcohol and drugs, and used
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| | related neural, vascular and lymphatic
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| primarily manipulation techniques to
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| | components.
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| improve physiologic function.
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|
