| Individual circumstances determine which treatment | | | | well as some forms of cancer. |
| approaches are most appropriate.Calcium and vitamin | | | | The findings regarding were not as definitive as |
| D The body's ability to absorb dietary calcium | | | | expected. Estrogen does slow the loss of bone. |
| diminishes with advancing age. As well, people tend to | | | | However, its effect is most pronounced during the |
| drink less milk and consume fewer dairy products, | | | | first three to five years after menopause and it does |
| the primary sources of dietary calcium, as they get | | | | not stimulate production of new bone. Though |
| older. Most adults should take calcium supplements to | | | | doctors sometimes prescribe estrogen replacement |
| get 1000 to 1200 milligrams of calcium daily combined | | | | (in combination with Progesterone supplement for |
| with dietary calcium. Though calcium cannot restore | | | | women who have their uteruses) for women who |
| bone structure that is already lost to osteoporosis, | | | | are at high risk for developing osteoporosis, other |
| the bones need abundant calcium simply to maintain | | | | medications are often more effective with fewer |
| bone remodeling. Vitamin D is necessary for the body | | | | risks. |
| to absorb calcium.Estrogen Before the 1990s doctors | | | | Bisphosphonates Bisphosphonates are medications |
| routinely prescribed hormone replacement therapy | | | | that block the activity of osteoclasts to resorb bone |
| (HRT) for women going through and women beyond | | | | and calcium. Because these drugs are relatively new, |
| menopause. The prevailing belief was that HRT | | | | doctors do not know their long-term consequences. |
| provided protection for women against | | | | Bisphosphonates can stop the progression of |
| Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and osteoporosis. | | | | osteoporosis as well as prevent osteoporosis from |
| Extensive studies demonstrated that HRT provided | | | | developing in men and women who have high risk. |
| no protection for heart disease and in fact increased | | | | However, bone loss resumes when the person stops |
| the risk for some kinds of CVD (notably Stroke) as | | | | taking the medication. |