| Acute promyelocytic leukemia, a malignancy of | | | | distinguished from new types of AML based on |
| the ivory marrow in which there is an | | | | morphologic testing of an ivory marrow biopsy |
| inadequacy of old blood cells in the myeloid | | | | or aspirate. Definitive diagnosis requires |
| cable of cells and a surplus of immature | | | | examination for the RARá fusion gene. The |
| cells called promyelocytes. Acute | | | | handling of APL differs from that for all new |
| promyelocytic leukemia is a subtype of | | | | forms of AML. Most intense promyelocytic |
| intense myelogenous leukemia, a cancer of the | | | | leukemia patients are now treated with |
| blood and ivory marrow. The signs and | | | | all-trans retinoic acid. All-trans retinoic |
| symptoms particular to APL outcome from a | | | | acid (ATRA) is a kind of differentiation |
| shortfall of natural blood cells payable to | | | | therapy. It can cause a comprehensive |
| crowding out of natural blood cell-producing | | | | absolution in most patients with APL by |
| ivory marrow by the leukemia cells. In Acute | | | | causing the APL-blasts to grow. ATRA is |
| promyelocytic leukemia, there is an irregular | | | | typically combined with anthracycline based |
| accretion of immature granulocytes called | | | | chemotherapy resulting in a clinical |
| promyelocytes. The disease is characterized | | | | absolution in roughly 90% of patients. ATRA |
| by a chromosomal translocation involving the | | | | therapy is associated with the unusual |
| retinoic acidic receptor alpha gene and is | | | | position consequence of retinoic acidic |
| unusual from new forms of AML in its | | | | syndrome. This is associated with the growth |
| responsiveness to all trans retinoic acidic | | | | of dyspnea, fever, weight increase, |
| therapy. | | | | incidental edema and is treated with |
| | | | dexamethasone. |
| Acute promyelocytic leukemia is normally | | | | |
| associated with a shortfall of natural | | | | The prospect for acute promyelocytic leukemia |
| light-colored blood cells (a circumstance | | | | depends on a number of factors including the |
| called leukopenia) and, in specific, overly | | | | white blood cell count at the time of |
| few old granulocytes. This results in a high | | | | diagnosis, etc. Treatment options for |
| danger of infections. The peak incidence of | | | | patients with relapsed disease include |
| APL is in inexperienced adults. APL is | | | | arsenic trioxide and allogeneic stem cell |
| considered a character of AML and is | | | | transplant. Bone marrow transplantation may |
| classified as the M3 variation of AML in the | | | | be successful in achieving a cure, but it is |
| internationally accepted french american | | | | an option for only a fraction of the younger |
| british classification. Signs and symptoms of | | | | relapsed patients. Stem cell transplant is a |
| intense promyelocytic leukemia are related to | | | | method of giving chemotherapy and replacing |
| new forms of intense promyelocytic leukemia. | | | | blood-forming cells that are abnormal or |
| Symptoms include weight departure or | | | | destroyed by the cancer treatment. Stem cells |
| departure of appetite, shortness of breather | | | | are removed from the blood or bone marrow of |
| with exertion, fever, tiredness, anemia, | | | | the patient or a donor and are frozen and |
| simple bruising or bleeding, petechiae, ivory | | | | stored. Arsenic trioxide is the standard of |
| pain and multilateral pain and relentless or | | | | care for APL patients whose disease returns |
| regular infections. | | | | after or does not respond to initial |
| | | | treatment. |
| Acute promyelocytic leukemia can be | | | | |