| Leukemia has two major types: acute and | | | | bone marrow stem cell transplant we can |
| chronic. In what concerns acute leukemia, | | | | mention the risk of graft-versus-host |
| there are two forms: if leukemia involves | | | | disease. This happens when the other person's |
| lymphocytes, we are dealing with acute | | | | bone marrow attacks the recipient's body. In |
| lymphoblastic leukemia, and if it involves | | | | this way, there appears a disease that |
| myeloid cells, is called acute myelogenous | | | | affects the skin, liver and many other |
| leukemia. Depending on the particular cell | | | | organs. In this case, therapy with |
| that has become malignant, there can be many | | | | immunosuppressive drugs is needed. |
| different types of acute lymphoblastic | | | | |
| leukemia and acute myelogenous leukemia.It | | | | When a matched donor is available, there can |
| was seen that chronic leukemia affects | | | | be performed transplantation for high-risk |
| primarily the myeloid cells in the bone | | | | leukemia patients in first remission. In very |
| marrow. This is called chronic myelogenous | | | | high-risk patients, like those with leukemia |
| leukemia, and is found mostly in adults, but | | | | who fail to achieve first remission with |
| children and teenagers can develop it too.We | | | | chemotherapy, there can be done an unrelated |
| must mention that there exists a disorder of | | | | donor transplant as soon as remission is |
| the bone marrow known as myelodysplastic | | | | achieved. As eligible we can mention infants |
| syndrome. Often called a pre-leukemia | | | | with leukemia, children with high-risk |
| syndrome because patients with it have a | | | | lymphoblastic leukemia and children with |
| significantly increased risk of developing | | | | acute myelogenous leukemia. Also, children |
| leukemia, this syndrome is often associated | | | | with myelodysplastic syndrome are eligible |
| with low blood cell counts and increased | | | | for transplant as soon as the diagnosis is |
| requirements for transfusions. | | | | established. |
| | | | |
| Allogeneic bone marrow stem cell | | | | Many children with acute leukemias whose |
| transplantation is used to treat a variety of | | | | leukemia has relapsed can have bone marrow |
| childhood leukemias or cancers and | | | | stem cell transplantation. Transplantation |
| myelodysplastic syndrome that involve the | | | | can be from related donors like brothers, |
| cells within the bone marrow. In this | | | | sisters, parents, and occasionally more |
| transplant, there are used another person's | | | | distant relatives such as cousins and |
| bone marrow cells to restore bone marrow | | | | grandparents.Also, transplantation can be |
| after high dose chemotherapy and radiation | | | | from matched unrelated donors, including |
| therapy.As an advantage of an allogeneic | | | | umbilical cord blood.In what concerns |
| transplant over an autologous transplant we | | | | children with chronic myelogenous leukemia |
| can mention the "graft-versus-leukemia | | | | who cannot be put into complete remission |
| effect". The donor's healthy bone marrow | | | | with drugs, they should undergo a transplant |
| kills residual leukemia cells, and in this | | | | as early as possible in the course of the |
| way decreases the patient's chance of | | | | disease. |
| relapse.As a disadvantage of an allogeneic | | | | |