| AIDS is the advanced stage of HIV | | | | AIDS.Tuberculosis (TB) in AIDS is often |
| infection. The criteria of AIDS include | | | | multi-drug resistant. Tuberculosis in |
| HIV infection with fewer than 200 CD4 | | | | AIDS may affect bone marrow, bone, |
| positive T cells per cubic millimeter of | | | | kidney, bladder, guts, liver, lymph |
| blood (norm is more than 1,000), and two | | | | nodes, brain and spine. It is also more |
| dozens of opportunistic infections, | | | | severe in lungs than usual.Oesophagitis |
| which rarely affect normal people. | | | | (inflammation of esophagus) is common. |
| Opportunistic means that the infection | | | | Chronic diarrhea in HIV infection is |
| took opportunity of the weakened immune | | | | caused by Salmonella, Shigella, |
| system. AIDS-related infections are | | | | Listeria, Campylobacter Escherichia |
| often very severe and caused by unusual | | | | coli, parasites, which happen in normal |
| bacteria, viruses, fungi, and | | | | people.Cryptosporidiosis, |
| parasites.Symptoms of AIDS include:* | | | | Microsporidiosis, Mycobacterium avium |
| Weight loss | | | | complex and cytomegalovirus are rarely |
| * Energy loss | | | | if ever seen in healthy people. However |
| * Diarrhea | | | | they are common in HIV. Diarrhea also |
| * Persistent fever | | | | explains significant body wasting in |
| * Cough | | | | AIDS. Neural system is often affected by |
| * Shortness of breath | | | | parasite Toxoplasma gondii. It infects |
| * Seizures | | | | brain, eyes and lungs.JC virus causes |
| * Painful swallowing | | | | progressive multifocal |
| * Confusion | | | | leukoencephalopathy that leads to |
| * Forgetfulness | | | | destruction of brain cell connections. |
| * Vision problems | | | | It happens only in severely weakened |
| * Persistent headaches | | | | immune deficiency. HIV Infected brain |
| * Children have severe forms of | | | | macrophages produce neurotoxins that |
| typically childhood infections of eyes, | | | | lead to dementia and |
| ears and throat.AIDS patients often | | | | encephalopathy.Cryptococcus is an |
| develop Kaposi's sarcoma (round brown, | | | | opportunistic parasite that causes |
| reddish, or purple blots on skin) and | | | | meningitis (inflammation of brain |
| cervical cancer (in women).Lymphoma is | | | | covering tissue). Fevers, headache, |
| also a common condition. Kaposi's | | | | fatigue, vomiting, seizures and |
| sarcoma-associated herpes virus, human | | | | confusion often develop.Citomegalovirus |
| papillomavirus and Epstein -Barr virus | | | | may cause colitis (bowel inflammation) |
| are the causative agents. Without | | | | and retinitis (an eye layer |
| antiretroviral therapy, AIDS patent die | | | | inflammation) that leads to blindness. |
| in a year commonly.Antiretroviral | | | | Penicillium fungi also cause |
| therapy gives more than 5 years of live. | | | | opportunistic infections especially in |
| PCP (Pneumocystis carinii (jiroveci) | | | | Asia.Aleksandr Kavokin, MD, PhD. |
| pneumonia) is a common cause of death in | | | | |